Cephalexin: Effective Bacterial Infection Treatment
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Cephalexin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic prescribed to combat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by interfering with the bacteria’s cell wall formation, leading to their destruction. This medication is commonly used for respiratory, skin, ear, bone, and urinary tract infections, offering a reliable option for both clinicians and patients seeking effective microbial eradication.
Features
- Belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics
- Available in capsule, tablet, and oral suspension forms
- Typically dosed two to four times daily, depending on infection severity
- Requires prescription; not available over-the-counter
- Generally well-tolerated with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria
Benefits
- Effectively treats common bacterial infections, reducing symptom duration
- Helps prevent complications from untreated infections, such as abscess formation or systemic spread
- Oral formulation allows for convenient at-home administration
- Suitable for both adult and pediatric populations (with appropriate dosing)
- Often covered by insurance plans, improving accessibility
- Rapid onset of action, with clinical improvement often seen within 48–72 hours
Common use
Cephalexin is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms, including:
- Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pharyngitis, tonsillitis)
- Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., cellulitis, impetigo)
- Otitis media (middle ear infection)
- Bone and joint infections (e.g., osteomyelitis)
- Genitourinary tract infections (e.g., cystitis, prostatitis)
- Dental infections
It is important to note that cephalexin is not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or influenza.
Dosage and direction
Dosage is based on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the patient’s renal function. General guidelines include:
- Adults: The usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hours, or 500 mg to 1 g every 12 hours for more severe infections.
- Children: The recommended dose is 25 to 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses, with severe infections potentially requiring up to 100 mg/kg/day.
- Renal impairment: Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min.
The medication should be taken with food to minimize gastrointestinal upset. Complete the full course of therapy, even if symptoms improve, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Precautions
- Inform your healthcare provider of any allergies, especially to penicillin or other cephalosporins, due to cross-reactivity risk.
- Use with caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis.
- Renal function should be assessed before and during prolonged therapy.
- May cause false-positive reactions for glucose in the urine with certain tests (e.g., Benedict’s solution).
- Prolonged use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi.
Contraindications
Cephalexin is contraindicated in patients with:
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any component of the formulation.
- History of anaphylactic reaction to penicillins or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Possible side effect
Common side effects may include:
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain)
- Dizziness or fatigue
- Headache
- Vaginal itching or discharge
Less common but serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
- Severe allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Watery or bloody diarrhea (may indicate Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea)
- Unusual bleeding or bruising
- Signs of liver problems (e.g., dark urine, jaundice)
- Seizures
Drug interaction
Cephalexin may interact with:
- Probenecid: May increase cephalexin blood levels by reducing renal excretion.
- Metformin: Cephalexin may increase metformin concentrations, potentially enhancing its effects.
- Oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Potential increase in anticoagulant effect, requiring closer monitoring.
- Other nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides): Increased risk of renal toxicity.
Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Overdose
Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and hematuria. Management is supportive; hemodialysis may aid in removal of the drug. Seek immediate medical attention if overdose is suspected.
Storage
- Store at room temperature (20–25°C or 68–77°F).
- Keep the container tightly closed and protect from moisture.
- Oral suspension should be refrigerated and discarded after 14 days.
- Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Disclaimer
This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment recommendations tailored to your specific condition. Do not initiate, adjust, or discontinue any medication without professional guidance.
Reviews
Cephalexin is widely regarded by medical professionals as a dependable and effective antibiotic for susceptible bacterial infections. Patient experiences often highlight rapid symptom relief, though gastrointestinal side effects are occasionally reported. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is critical to ensure full eradication of the infection and minimize resistance development.