Cozaar (losartan potassium) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) prescribed for the management of hypertension (high blood pressure) and for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension. It works by blocking the action of certain natural substances that tighten the blood vessels, allowing the blood to flow more smoothly and the heart to pump more efficiently. This medication is a cornerstone in cardiovascular and renal protective strategies, helping to reduce the risk of stroke and heart attack in hypertensive patients and slowing the progression of kidney disease in diabetic individuals.

Features

• Active Ingredient: Losartan Potassium
• Drug Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
• Available Strengths: 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg film-coated tablets
• Administration: Oral
• Prescription Status: Requires a valid medical prescription
• Manufacturer: Merck & Co., Inc.

Benefits

• Effectively lowers high blood pressure, reducing strain on the heart and arterial walls.
• Significantly decreases the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, including stroke.
• Provides renal protection by reducing proteinuria and slowing the progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
• Offers a generally favorable side effect profile, particularly with a lower incidence of cough compared to ACE inhibitors.
• Supports long-term cardiovascular health management with once-daily dosing for many patients.
• Can be used as part of a combination therapy regimen for enhanced blood pressure control.

Common use

Cozaar is primarily indicated for the treatment of hypertension, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. It is also used to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, though this does not represent an exclusive benefit over other antihypertensive therapies. Furthermore, it is prescribed for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy—an kidney impairment associated with type 2 diabetes—manifested by elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria, with the aim of slowing the progression of renal disease.

Dosage and direction

The dosage of Cozaar must be individualized based on the patient’s condition and response. For hypertension, the usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily, which can be increased to a maximum of 100 mg once daily based on blood pressure response. In patients with intravascular volume depletion, a starting dose of 25 mg is recommended. For diabetic nephropathy, the usual starting dose is 50 mg once daily, which can be increased to 100 mg once daily based on tolerance and blood pressure response. Cozaar may be administered with or without food. It is crucial to follow the prescribing physician’s instructions and not to adjust the dose without consultation.

Precautions

Before taking Cozaar, inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of kidney disease, liver impairment, heart conditions, or are on a salt-restricted diet. It may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, especially during the first few days of therapy; avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how it affects you. Use with caution in patients with renal artery stenosis, as it may induce acute renal failure. Regular monitoring of blood pressure, renal function, and serum potassium levels is advised. Pregnancy must be avoided while on Cozaar due to potential harm to the fetus.

Contraindications

Cozaar is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to losartan or any component of the formulation. Do not co-administer with aliskiren in patients with diabetes. It is also contraindicated during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy due to the risk of causing injury or death to the developing fetus. Avoid use in patients with a history of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ARB.

Possible side effect

Common side effects may include dizziness, upper respiratory infection, nasal congestion, back pain, and fatigue. Less frequently, patients may experience hypotension, hyperkalemia, or impaired renal function. Rare but serious side effects can include angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, throat, or tongue), hepatotoxicity, and severe hypotension. If any severe or persistent side effects occur, seek immediate medical attention.

Drug interaction

Cozaar may interact with several medications, including other blood pressure drugs (potentiating hypotensive effects), potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements (increasing risk of hyperkalemia), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which may reduce the antihypertensive effect and worsen renal function, and lithium (increasing lithium toxicity). Always inform your doctor of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking.

Missed dose

If you miss a dose of Cozaar, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one, as this may increase the risk of side effects.

Overdose

Symptoms of Cozaar overdose may include hypotension and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). Bradycardia (slow heart rate) could also occur. In case of suspected overdose, seek emergency medical attention immediately. Treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic, focusing on maintaining blood pressure and renal function through volume expansion with normal saline.

Storage

Store Cozaar tablets at room temperature, between 15–30°C (59–86°F), in a tightly closed container, and protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and individualized treatment recommendations. Do not initiate, discontinue, or change the dosage of any medication without professional guidance.

Reviews

Clinical studies and patient reports generally reflect positive outcomes with Cozaar, noting effective blood pressure control and good tolerability. Many users appreciate the once-daily dosing convenience. Some report mild side effects like dizziness, which often subside with continued use. As with any medication, individual experiences may vary, and it is essential to discuss any concerns with your prescribing physician.