DDAVP Spray: Advanced Vasopressin Therapy for Central Diabetes Insipidus
| Product dosage: 10mcg 2.5ml | |||
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Synonyms | |||
DDAVP Spray (desmopressin acetate) is a high-potency synthetic analog of vasopressin, engineered for precise nasal delivery to manage central diabetes insipidus. It directly addresses the underlying vasopressin deficiency, restoring the body’s natural water balance mechanism. This formulation is designed for rapid absorption through the nasal mucosa, offering a reliable and non-invasive treatment option for patients. Its therapeutic profile is characterized by a prolonged antidiuretic effect with significantly reduced pressor activity compared to endogenous vasopressin, enhancing both safety and efficacy in long-term management.
Features
- Contains desmopressin acetate as the active pharmaceutical ingredient
- Delivers 10 mcg of desmopressin per metered spray
- Utilizes a precise mechanical pump delivery system for consistent dosing
- Formulated at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL
- Presented in a 2.5 mL multi-dose nasal spray bottle
- Designed for intranasal administration with specialized nasal applicator
- Exhibits a biological half-life of approximately 3-4 hours
- Provides up to 50 metered sprays per bottle
- Requires no refrigeration; stable at controlled room temperature
- Manufactured under strict pharmaceutical quality control standards
Benefits
- Effectively reduces excessive urine output and controls debilitating thirst associated with diabetes insipidus
- Enables restoration of normal sleep patterns by significantly decreasing nocturia episodes
- Provides predictable and sustained antidiuretic action for up to 8-12 hours per dose
- Offers convenient nasal administration, avoiding the need for injections in most cases
- Demonstrates excellent safety profile with minimal effects on blood pressure when used appropriately
- Allows for flexible dosing adjustment to accommodate individual patient needs and lifestyle variations
Common use
DDAVP Spray is primarily indicated for the management of central (cranial) diabetes insipidus and for the management of temporary polyuria and polydipsia following head trauma or surgery in the pituitary region. It is specifically designed for patients who have demonstrated responsiveness to the drug during initial titration. The medication works by replacing deficient endogenous vasopressin, thereby reducing urine volume and increasing urine osmolality. Clinical use requires careful patient selection and ongoing monitoring of fluid balance parameters to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes while preventing water intoxication.
Dosage and direction
The dosage must be individualized based on patient response and circadian rhythm of diuresis. The typical adult dosage ranges from 10-40 mcg daily, administered as one or two sprays in each nostril once or twice daily. Most patients require 10 mcg (one spray) in each nostril at bedtime. For twice-daily dosing, administer approximately 12 hours apart. Prime the pump before first use by pressing down several times until a fine spray appears. Gently insert the nozzle into the nostril, keeping the head upright, and breathe in gently while spraying. Avoid deep inhalation. Do not share the nasal spray with other patients. Regular monitoring of serum sodium levels is essential during dosage establishment.
Precautions
Monitor patients for signs of water intoxication and hyponatremia, especially during initiation of therapy or dosage changes. Use with particular caution in patients with conditions that may increase the risk of fluid overload, including renal impairment, heart failure, or cystic fibrosis. Elderly patients and children require careful dose titration and more frequent monitoring. Avoid concurrent use with other medications that may affect fluid balance. Patients should be advised to limit fluid intake to thirst requirements only and avoid excessive water consumption. Periodic assessment of renal function and electrolyte status is recommended during long-term therapy.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to desmopressin acetate or any components of the formulation. Patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min). History of hyponatremia or current hyponatremia. Patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Known or suspected polydipsia psychogenic in origin. Uncontrolled hypertension requiring careful risk-benefit assessment. Concurrent use with loop diuretics may be contraindicated in certain clinical situations.
Possible side effect
Common reactions may include headache (7-12% of patients), nausea (3-5%), and mild nasal congestion or irritation (8-15%). Less frequently reported effects include abdominal cramps, vulval pain, flushing, and mild elevation in blood pressure. Serious adverse effects include hyponatremia (which may manifest as headache, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, restlessness, fatigue, lethargy, disorientation, depressed reflexes, loss of appetite, irritability, muscle weakness or cramps, and in severe cases, convulsions and coma). Allergic reactions, though rare, may include rash, pruritus, or more severe manifestations requiring immediate medical attention.
Drug interaction
Concurrent use with other medications that increase the risk of water retention or hyponatremia requires careful monitoring, including SSRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, chlorpromazine, carbamazepine, and NSAIDs. Glucocorticoids may decrease the antidiuretic effect of desmopressin. Medications affecting blood pressure may interact with the mild pressor effects of desmopressin. Loop diuretics may enhance the risk of hyponatremia. Always review the patient’s complete medication profile before initiation and during therapy.
Missed dose
If a dose is missed, administer it as soon as remembered unless it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed administration. If multiple doses are missed, contact the prescribing physician for guidance, as polyuria may recur. Patients should monitor their urine output and thirst symptoms and report significant changes. Do not increase the dosage without medical supervision, even if symptoms return.
Overdose
Overdose may lead to water intoxication and hyponatremia, manifesting as headache, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and in severe cases, convulsions, coma, or respiratory arrest. Management includes immediate discontinuation of the medication, fluid restriction, and symptomatic treatment. In severe hyponatremia, careful administration of hypertonic saline may be necessary under hospital supervision with frequent monitoring of serum sodium levels. Dialysis is not effective for removing desmopressin due to its large volume of distribution.
Storage
Store at controlled room temperature between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Excursions permitted between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Do not freeze. Keep the bottle tightly closed and protected from light. Store in an upright position. Discard 30 days after first use, even if medication remains. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use if the solution appears cloudy or contains particulate matter. The spray mechanism should be cleaned regularly according to manufacturer instructions to maintain proper function.
Disclaimer
This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Treatment decisions must be made by qualified healthcare professionals based on individual patient assessment. The prescribing physician should be consulted for complete prescribing information, including boxed warnings. Dosage and administration may vary based on individual patient needs and response to therapy. Patients should not adjust their medication regimen without medical supervision.
Reviews
Clinical studies demonstrate that DDAVP Spray effectively controls polyuria and polydipsia in 85-90% of patients with central diabetes insipidus when properly dosed. Patients report significant improvement in quality of life measures, particularly regarding sleep quality and daily activities. The nasal delivery system receives positive feedback for convenience compared to injection therapies. Some patients note the need for careful timing of administration to maintain consistent therapeutic effects throughout the day. Medical professionals appreciate the predictable pharmacokinetics and well-established safety profile when used with appropriate monitoring protocols.