Zyloprim, with the active ingredient allopurinol, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor prescribed for the long-term management of gout and conditions marked by elevated uric acid levels, such as hyperuricemia. It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body, thereby preventing the formation of urate crystals that cause painful gout attacks and potential kidney damage. This medication is a cornerstone of urate-lowering therapy, offering a proactive approach to managing chronic gout rather than merely treating acute symptoms. Proper use under medical supervision can significantly improve quality of life for affected individuals.

Features

• Active ingredient: Allopurinol
• Available in 100 mg and 300 mg tablet strengths
• White, round, scored tablets for easy splitting
• Requires a prescription from a healthcare provider
• Manufactured under strict pharmaceutical quality standards
• Typically taken once daily, preferably after a meal

Benefits

• Prevents the formation of new uric acid crystals in joints and tissues
• Reduces the frequency and severity of acute gout attacks over time
• Helps prevent the development of tophi (urate crystal deposits) and joint damage
• May reduce the risk of uric acid kidney stone formation
• Can lower serum urate levels to target ranges, promoting long-term joint health
• Supports overall renal function by minimizing uric acid-related kidney stress

Common use

Zyloprim is primarily indicated for the management of gout, both tophaceous and non-tophaceous, and for the treatment of hyperuricemia secondary to conditions such as certain malignancies or their therapies. It is also used to prevent uric acid nephropathy during cancer chemotherapy and to manage recurrent uric acid stone formation. It is not intended for the treatment of an acute gout attack but rather as a preventive measure for long-term control.

Dosage and direction

The initial dosage of Zyloprim is typically 100 mg once daily, which may be increased weekly by 100 mg until the desired serum uric acid level is achieved (usually below 6 mg/dL). The maintenance dose commonly ranges from 200 to 600 mg daily, though some patients with severe gout may require up to 800 mg per day. Doses exceeding 300 mg should be divided. It is recommended to take Zyloprim after meals to minimize gastric upset. Dosage must be individualized based on renal function, with adjustments necessary for patients with impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring of uric acid levels and renal function is advised.

Precautions

Patients should be adequately hydrated to help excrete uric acid and prevent kidney stone formation. Periodic liver function tests are recommended, as allopurinol can rarely cause hepatic toxicity. Skin reactions, some severe, have been reported; discontinue at the first sign of rash. Use with caution in patients with pre-existing renal impairment, as dosage adjustment is necessary. Zyloprim may cause drowsiness or dizziness; patients should avoid driving or operating machinery until they know how the medication affects them. It is not recommended during an acute gout attack, as it may prolong the episode.

Contraindications

Zyloprim is contraindicated in patients who have exhibited hypersensitivity to allopurinol or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in patients who have experienced a severe skin reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, while taking allopurinol. Concurrent use with didanosine is contraindicated. It is also not recommended for use in asymptomatic hyperuricemia, except in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy who are at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome.

Possible side effect

Common side effects may include skin rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or drowsiness. Less frequently, patients may experience headache, taste disturbance, or elevated liver enzymes. Rare but serious adverse effects include severe skin reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome), hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasias (e.g., leukopenia, thrombocytopenia), and vasculitis. Any unusual symptoms, especially fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers, or signs of liver problems (e.g., jaundice), should be reported to a healthcare provider immediately.

Drug interaction

Zyloprim may interact with several medications. It can increase the concentration and toxicity of azathioprine and mercaptopurine; concurrent use requires substantial dose reduction of these drugs. It may potentiate the effects of warfarin and other coumarin anticoagulants, necessitating closer monitoring of INR. Ampicillin and amoxicillin may increase the risk of skin rash when used with allopurinol. Diuretics, especially thiazides, can increase the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Caution is advised with cyclosporine, as allopurinol may elevate its levels.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is almost time for the next scheduled dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and resume the usual dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one. Consistency in dosing is important for maintaining stable uric acid levels.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and dizziness. In severe cases, acute renal failure has been reported. There is no specific antidote for allopurinol overdose. Treatment is supportive and symptomatic, including gastric lavage if ingestion was recent and adequate hydration to promote excretion. Hemodialysis may be effective in removing allopurinol and its metabolites. Medical attention should be sought immediately in case of suspected overdose.

Storage

Store Zyloprim tablets at room temperature, between 15–30°C (59–86°F), in a tightly closed container. Protect from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging. Dispose of any unused medication properly, following local guidelines or through a medication take-back program.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or medication. Do not disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read here. Individual patient needs and responses to medication may vary.

Reviews

Clinical studies and patient reports generally affirm the efficacy of Zyloprim in reducing serum uric acid levels and preventing gout flares when used appropriately. Many patients experience a significant decrease in the frequency of gout attacks after several months of consistent use. Some note the convenience of once-daily dosing, though gastrointestinal side effects or skin rashes are occasionally reported. Adherence to treatment and regular monitoring are frequently emphasized as key to achieving optimal outcomes. As with any long-term therapy, results vary, and a personalized approach under medical supervision is crucial.