Panmycin (Tetracycline Hydrochloride) is a time-tested, broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class, widely utilized in clinical practice for its efficacy against a diverse range of bacterial pathogens. It functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, effectively halting the growth and multiplication of susceptible microorganisms. This makes it a cornerstone in the treatment of various infections, from common respiratory ailments to more complex zoonotic and sexually transmitted diseases. Its established pharmacological profile and reliable absorption make it a trusted choice for physicians seeking a versatile antibacterial agent.

Features

• Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient: Tetracycline Hydrochloride 250mg or 500mg per capsule
• Pharmacological Class: Broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic
• Mechanism of Action: Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis
• Spectrum of Activity: Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Rickettsiae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia, and some protozoa
• Formulation: Hard gelatin capsules for oral administration
• Bioavailability: Approximately 75-77% under fasting conditions; significantly reduced by divalent and trivalent cations
• Half-life: 6-12 hours in adults with normal renal function
• Excretion: Primarily renal, with some biliary excretion

Benefits

• Provides comprehensive coverage against a wide array of bacterial pathogens, reducing the need for multiple antibiotics
• Effective in treating both common and atypical infections, including those resistant to penicillin
• Well-established safety and efficacy profile backed by decades of clinical use
• Oral formulation allows for convenient outpatient treatment, supporting patient compliance
• Cost-effective option compared to many newer broad-spectrum antibiotics
• Useful as a prophylactic agent in specific scenarios, such as malaria prevention in certain regions

Common use

Panmycin is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms, including but not limited to: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Q fever, psittacosis, infections of the respiratory tract (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis), urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections (e.g., gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, granuloma inguinale), skin and soft tissue infections, and ophthalmic infections caused by susceptible bacteria. It is also used as an adjunct in the treatment of severe acne and for the prophylaxis of malaria in travelers to areas where chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum is endemic.

Dosage and direction

The dosage of Panmycin must be individualized based on the severity and nature of the infection, as well as the patient’s renal function. For adults, the usual dose is 1 to 2 grams daily, administered in two to four equally divided doses. For more severe infections, an initial dose of 500 mg followed by 250 mg every six hours may be appropriate. For the treatment of gonorrhea, a single 1.5-gram dose is often prescribed, followed by 500 mg every six hours for four days. For syphilis, a total of 30 to 40 grams administered in equally divided doses over 10 to 15 days is typical. Pediatric dosing (for children over eight years) is 25 to 50 mg/kg/day divided into four doses. It is imperative to administer Panmycin on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after meals, and not concomitantly with dairy products, antacids, or iron preparations, as these can significantly impair absorption. Adequate fluid intake should be maintained to reduce the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration.

Precautions

Panmycin should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, as it may accumulate and exacerbate renal dysfunction. Dosage adjustment is necessary in such cases. It may cause photosensitivity; patients should be advised to avoid excessive sunlight or artificial UV light and to use protective measures. Like other antibiotics, use may result in overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms, including fungi; if superinfection occurs, appropriate therapy should be instituted. Tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia may occur if used during tooth development (last half of pregnancy, infancy, childhood up to age 8). It should not be used in these patient groups unless other drugs are not likely to be effective or are contraindicated. Use during pregnancy may cause harm to the fetus. Caution is advised when operating machinery or driving, as dizziness has been reported.

Contraindications

Panmycin is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to tetracycline or any component of the formulation. It is contraindicated in children under the age of eight years due to the risk of permanent tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia. Use during pregnancy is contraindicated due to potential fetal harm, including retardation of skeletal development. It is also contraindicated in breastfeeding mothers, as tetracyclines are excreted in human milk and can affect bone and tooth development in the infant. Concomitant administration with isotretinoin is contraindicated due to the increased risk of pseudotumor cerebri.

Possible side effect

Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, dysphagia, enterocolitis, and inflammatory lesions (with monilial overgrowth) in the anogenital region. Photosensitivity, manifested as an exaggerated sunburn reaction, is relatively common. Skin rashes and exfoliative dermatitis have been reported. Rare but serious side effects include hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias (e.g., hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia), pseudotumor cerebri (benign intracranial hypertension) in adults, and bulging fontanels in infants. Prolonged use may result in bone marrow suppression. Renal toxicity, rising BUN, and dose-related azotemia have been reported. Vestibular toxicity (dizziness, vertigo) may occur.

Drug interaction

Panmycin may interact with antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium; iron-containing preparations; and bismuth subsalicylate, all of which can impair absorption. Concurrent use with oral contraceptives may render them less effective, increasing the risk of unintended pregnancy. It may potentiate the effect of oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) by depressing plasma prothrombin activity. Concurrent administration with methoxyflurane has been reported to result in fatal renal toxicity. It may interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillin and should not be administered concomitantly. Barbiturates, carbamazepine, and phenytoin may decrease the half-life of tetracycline.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, the missed dose should be skipped, and the regular dosing schedule resumed. Doubling the dose to make up for a missed one is not recommended, as it may increase the risk of side effects. Maintaining consistent antibiotic levels is crucial for efficacy, so patients should strive to adhere to the prescribed schedule.

Overdose

Overdosage of Panmycin can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In significant overdose, hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis may occur. Management is supportive and symptomatic. There is no specific antidote. Gastric lavage may be considered if ingestion was recent. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing tetracycline due to high protein binding. Serum levels are not routinely available to guide management. Supportive care, including maintenance of hydration and electrolyte balance, is paramount.

Storage

Store Panmycin capsules at controlled room temperature, 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F), in a tightly closed container. Protect from light, moisture, and excessive heat. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging. Do not flush unused medication down the toilet or pour it into a drain unless instructed to do so; proper disposal through a medicine take-back program is recommended.

Disclaimer

This information is intended for medical professionals and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or before starting any new treatment. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read in this product card. The efficacy and safety profile described is based on typical use and may not apply to all individuals.

Reviews

“Panmycin has been a reliable agent in my practice for treating atypical pneumonias and rickettsial infections. Its broad spectrum is particularly useful in initial empiric therapy when the pathogen is unknown. The main challenge remains ensuring patient compliance with the empty stomach requirement.” – Infectious Disease Specialist, 15 years experience.

“In dermatology, we use it effectively for moderate to severe inflammatory acne. It’s cost-effective and generally well-tolerated long-term, though we monitor for gastrointestinal side effects and counsel heavily on sun protection.” – Dermatologist, 10 years experience.

“While newer antibiotics have emerged, Panmycin still holds value, especially in resource-limited settings. Its use in zoonotic diseases and as a prophylactic in certain travel medicine contexts is well-supported. The issue of resistance is growing, so susceptibility testing is crucial.” – General Practitioner, 20 years experience.