Ranitidine is a well-established histamine-2 (H2) blocker medication, clinically proven to reduce stomach acid production. It offers fast-acting and long-lasting relief from symptoms associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and other acid-related conditions. Trusted by healthcare professionals for decades, ranitidine provides a reliable solution for managing discomfort and promoting gastrointestinal health.

Features

• Active ingredient: ranitidine hydrochloride
• Available in tablet, capsule, and liquid formulations
• Dosage strengths typically include 75 mg, 150 mg, and 300 mg
• Over-the-counter and prescription options available
• Rapid onset of action, usually within 30–60 minutes
• Duration of acid suppression lasts up to 12 hours
• Minimal systemic absorption when used as directed

Benefits

• Provides prompt relief from heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach
• Reduces the frequency and severity of GERD symptoms, improving quality of life
• Supports healing of erosive esophagitis and prevents ulcer recurrence
• Allows for restful sleep by minimizing nighttime acid reflux episodes
• Non-addictive and suitable for both occasional and regular use under medical guidance
• Cost-effective compared to many newer acid-reducing agents

Common use

Ranitidine is commonly used for the short-term treatment and maintenance therapy of active duodenal ulcers, benign gastric ulcers, GERD, and pathological hypersecretory conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. It is also widely utilized for the relief of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach. In clinical settings, it may be administered preoperatively to reduce the risk of acid aspiration syndrome. Off-label uses include managing stress ulcers in critically ill patients and adjunctive therapy in some cases of chronic urticaria.

Dosage and direction

Dosage varies based on condition, severity, and formulation. For active duodenal ulcer: 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily for 4–8 weeks. Maintenance: 150 mg at bedtime. For GERD: 150 mg twice daily. For heartburn relief (OTC): 75 mg to 150 mg up to twice daily, not to exceed 300 mg in 24 hours. Tablets should be swallowed whole with water; oral solution must be measured carefully. Dosing in renal impairment requires adjustment—typically 150 mg every 24 hours or 75 mg every 12 hours if CrCl <50 mL/min. Always follow healthcare provider instructions.

Precautions

Use with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment; dosage adjustment may be necessary. Periodic monitoring of liver and kidney function is advised during long-term therapy. Elderly patients may be more susceptible to adverse effects. Not recommended for use beyond 14 days for self-treated OTC symptoms without medical consultation. May mask symptoms of gastric malignancy; thorough diagnosis is essential before initiation. Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed; ranitidine crosses the placenta. Excreted in breast milk; consult a physician before use while nursing.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to ranitidine or any component of the formulation. History of acute porphyria. Concomitant use with certain drugs metabolized by CYP450 (e.g., triazolam, midazolam) may be contraindicated due to potential interactions. Not for use in patients with phenylketonuria if product contains aspartame. Avoid in patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl <10 mL/min) unless under strict medical supervision.

Possible side effect

Common: headache, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea. Less common: nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, rash. Rare but serious: mental confusion (especially in elderly or ill patients), arrhythmias, hepatitis, pancreatitis, blood dyscrasias (e.g., thrombocytopenia, leukopenia), anaphylaxis. Immediate medical attention required for signs of hypersensitivity, jaundice, or unexplained bruising/bleeding.

Drug interaction

Ranitidine may alter absorption of drugs requiring acidic pH (e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, atazanavir). Can inhibit CYP450 enzymes, potentially increasing levels of warfarin, phenytoin, procainamide, and theophylline. Antacids may decrease ranitidine absorption; administer至少1 hour apart. May affect bioavailability of delavirdine. Use with caution alongside other QT-prolonging agents. Monitor prothrombin time with concurrent warfarin use.

Missed dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered unless it is almost time for the next dose. Do not double the dose to catch up. For once-daily dosing, take the missed dose if within 12 hours of the scheduled time; otherwise, skip and resume the next day. For twice-daily dosing, take if within 4–6 hours; otherwise, skip and continue regular schedule. Consistent timing optimizes acid control.

Overdose

Symptoms may include hypotension, tachycardia, vomiting, diarrhea, and CNS effects such as confusion or seizures. Treatment is supportive; gastric lavage or activated charcoal may be beneficial if administered soon after ingestion. Hemodialysis can remove ranitidine (50% removal in 4–6 hours). Monitor and manage arrhythmias or respiratory depression. Contact poison control or seek emergency medical attention immediately.

Storage

Store at room temperature (15–30°C or 59–86°F) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep the container tightly closed. Do not freeze liquid formulations. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use after the expiration date printed on the packaging. Discard any unused medication properly according to local guidelines; do not flush or pour down the drain.

Disclaimer

This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, changing, or stopping any medication. Individual response to ranitidine may vary. Not all uses, precautions, or interactions are listed here. Follow your prescriber’s instructions and read the product labeling carefully.

Reviews

Clinical studies and patient reports consistently affirm ranitidine’s efficacy in managing acid-related disorders. Many users note significant symptom relief within an hour of dosing, with effects lasting through the night. Long-term users appreciate its reliability and cost-effectiveness. Some report mild and transient side effects like headache, which often resolve with continued use. Healthcare providers value its well-understood safety profile and predictable pharmacokinetics. However, recent recalls and concerns about NDMA contamination have impacted availability; always ensure product sourcing from reputable suppliers and discuss alternatives with a provider if needed.